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Nizams of Hyderabad History

KHAWAJA UMER FAROOQ February 27, 2013
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Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad popularly known as Nizam of Hyderabad, was a former monarchy of theHyderabad State, now divided into the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra on a linguistic basis. Nizam, shortened from Nizam-ul-Mulk, meaningAdministrator of the Realm, was the title of the nativesovereigns of Hyderabad State, since 1724, belonging to the Asaf Jah dynasty. The dynasty was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi, a viceroy of the Deccan under theMughal emperors from 1713 to 1721 and he intermittently ruled under the title Asaf Jah in 1724, and afterAurangzeb's death in 1707, the Mughal Empire crumbled and the viceroy in Hyderabad, the young Asaf Jah, declared himself independent. From 1798 Hyderabad was one of the princely states of India, but it retained control of its internal affairs.
Seven Nizams ruled Hyderabad for two centuries untilIndian independence in 1947. The Asaf Jahi rulers were great patrons of literature, art, architecture, culture,jewellery collection and rich food. The Nizams ruled until 17 September 1948 when Indian military attacked the Nizams forces, forcing the Nizam's surrender to Indian forces in what became known as a 'Police Action' after the Indian Army's 'Operation Polo'. The Nizam's delegation to the United Nations in New York and UK Government in London was too late to prevent the forceful annexation by India of this independent nation into Indian territory. Initially it was integrated into Indian Union, and in 1956 divided on linguistic lines and merged into neig

Origin of the title

Nizām-ul-mulk was a title first used in Urdu around 1600 to mean Governor of the realm or Deputy for the Whole Empire. The word is derived from the Arabic word, Nizām (نظام), meaning order, arrangement. The Nizam was referred to as Ala Hadrat / Ala Hazrat or Nizam Sarkar, meaning His Exalted Highness.

 Rise of the Nizams

The first Nizam ruled on behalf of the Mughal emperors. After the death of Aurangzeb, the Nizams split from the Mughals to form an independent kingdom. When the British achieved paramountcy over India, the Nizams were allowed to continue to rule their princely states as client kings. The Nizams retained internal power over Hyderabad State until 17 September 1948 when Hyderabad was forcefully integrated into the new Indian Union.
The Asaf Jah dynasty had only seven rulers; however there was a period of 13 years after the rule of the first Nizam when three of his sons (Nasir Jung, Muzafar Jung and Salabath Jung) ruled. They were not officially recognised as the rulers.
A legend about the first Nizam[vague] states that, on one of his hunting trips he was offered somekulcha oval bread (an Indian bread) by a holy man and was asked to eat as many as he could. The Nizam could eat seven kulchas and the holy man then prophesied that seven generations of his family would rule the state.
By tradition no Nizam has ever left India no matter how good a reason might exist for doing so, as it was said[by whom?], "the Sovereign is too precious to his people ever to leave India.".

 Infrastructure

During the period of Nizam rule, Hyderabad State became the richest,[1] and the senior-most salute state among the Indian princely states. It was spread over 223,000 km2 (86,000 sq mi) in the Deccan, ruled by the Asaf Jahi dynasty. The Nizam's were conferred with the title of His Exalted Highness, and "Faithful Ally of the British Government" by the imperial-colonial British government for their collaborating rôle in the wars against Tipoo Sultan of Mysore, the Great Revolt of 1857–1858.,[2]becoming the only Indian prince to be given both these statuses.[3] The rule of the Nizams brought cultural and economic growth for Hyderabad city. One example of the wealth of Nizam rule is theJewels of the Nizams, which is an international tourist attraction occasionally displayed in Salar Jung Museum. In 1948 Hyderabad state had an estimated population of 17 million (1.7 crore), and it generated an estimated annual revenue of £90,029,000.[2] The state had its own currency known as the Hyderabadi rupee, until 1951.[4] The pace at which the last Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan amassed wealth made him one of the world's richest men in 1937 and he was also known for his miserliness..[3]According to the Forbes All-Time Wealthiest List of 2008, Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan is the fifth richest man ever, with an estimated worth of US$210.8 billion (adjusted with the present value of the US dollar).[4] The Nizams set up numerous institutions in the name of the dynasty including hospitals and schools, colleges, universities that imparted education in Urdu.[4] Inspired by the Indian Civil Service, the Nizams established the Hyderabad Civil Service and built large reservoirs. Survey work on the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam was initiated during this time, though the actual work was completed by theGovernment of India in 1969.[5][6]hbouring Indian states. He and his family including Salar Jung I was taught by Nawab Sarwar Ul Mulk and Agha Mirza Baig Sarwar ul mulk Bahadur was his political advisor and his peshi secretary.The last Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII, had 28 sons and 44 daughters. The Asaf Jah dynasty followed the policy of male primogeniture regardless of the mother's marital status or rank.

 First generation (sons)

  1. Azam Jah, Prince of Berar, (21 February 1907 – 9 October 1970), eldest son. He was passed over in the line of succession in favour of his eldest son, Mukarram Jah (Barkat Ali Khan), who was given the title Asaf Jah VIII.
  2. Moazzam Jah, (21 February 1907 – 9 October 1970), second son.
  3. Kazim Jah Bahadur (1912–1952), fourth son. Have 2 sons and 3 daughters.
  4. Mir Ahmad Ali Khan (1912–); fifth son.
  5. Saadath Jah Bahadur, sixth son.
  6. Abid Jah (1913–1983), seventh son.
  7. Hashmat Jah (1913–1988), eighth son.
  8. Hashim Jah (1913–1991), ninth son.
  9. Taqi Jah (1913–1985), tenth son.
  10. Sa’adat Jah (1917–1988), nineteenth son.
  11. Imdad Jah (1944–); twenty-third son.
  12. Nawazish Jah (1944–2010); twenty-fifth son.
  13. Fazal Jah (1946–); twenty-sixth son
  14. Bhojat Jah (1947–1982), twenty-seventh son.

 Second and subsequent generations

  1. Mukarram Jah (Barkat Ali Khan), (6 October 1933–), son of Azam Jah, the eldest son of the last Nizam. He was given the title Asaf Jah VIII.
  2. Muffakham Jah (1939–), son of Azam Jah, the eldest son of the last Nizam, and younger brother of Mukarram Jah (Barkat Ali Khan), Asaf Jah VIII.
  3. Shahamat Jah (1957–), son of Moazzam Jah, the second son of the last Nizam.
  4. Azmet Jah, the eldest son of Mukarram Jah (Barkat Ali Khan), Asaf Jah VIII.
  5. Azam Jah (1979–), second son of Azmet Jah.
  6. Rafat Jah (1966–), elder son of Muffakham Jah.
  7. Farhad Jah, younger son of Muffakham Jah.
  8. Mir Meraj ‘Ali Khan; third son of Saadath Jah Bahadur.
  9. Ahmad Jah, eldest son of Kazim Jah, the fourth son of the last Nizam.
  10. Baqir Jah; younger son of Kazim Jah, the fourth son of the last Nizam.
  11. Mir Arshad Ali Khan; son of Ahmad Jah
  12. Mir Muhammad Jafar Ali Khan (1964–); elder son of Baqir Jah.
  13. Mir Kauser Ali Khan (1966–); younger son of Baqir Jah.
  14. Mir Banda Ali Khan (1951–); son of Abid Jah (1913–1983), the seventh son of the last Nizam.
  15. Mir Mushraf Ali Khan (1969–); son of Mir Banda Ali Khan.
  16. Mir Ata'ullah Khan (1957–); eldest son of Hashmat Jah (1913–1988), the eighth son of the last Nizam.
  17. Mir Rahmat ‘Ali Khan; second son of Hashmat Jah.
  18. Mir Hassan ‘Ali Khan (1959–); third son of Hashmat Jah.
  19. Mir Husain ‘Ali Khan (1961–); fourth son of Hashmat Jah.
  20. Mir Shamsher ‘Ali Khan (1941–); eldest son of Hashim Jah (1913–1991), the ninth son of the last Nizam.
  21. Mir Miraj ‘Ali Khan; second son of Hashim Jah.
  22. Mir Shahamat ‘Ali Khan (1942–); third son of Hashim Jah.
  23. Mir Baktiyar ‘Ali Khan (1964–); elder son of Mir Shahamat ‘Ali Khan.
  24. Mir Sulaiman ‘Ali Khan (1980–); younger son of Mir Shahamat ‘Ali Khan.
  25. Mir Kawkab ‘Ali Khan; fourth son of Hashim Jah.
  26. Mir Zamin ‘Ali Khan (1948–); fifth son of Hashim Jah.
  27. Mir Muhammad Jaffar ‘Ali Khan (1978–); son of Mir Zamin ‘Ali Khan.
  28. Mir Haider ‘Ali Khan (2000–); son of Mir Muhammad Jaffar ‘Ali Khan.
  29. Mir Murtuza ‘Ali Khan (2007–); son of Mir Muhammad Jaffar ‘Ali Khan.
  30. Mir Askar ‘Ali Khan; sixth son of Hashim Jah.
  31. Mir Muhammad Nusrath ‘Ali Khan; seventh son of Hashim Jah.
  32. Mir Muhammad Hussain ‘Ali Khan (1970–); son of Mir Muhammad Nusrath ‘Ali Khan.
  33. Mir Karam ‘Ali Khan (1956–); eighth son of Hashim Jah.
  34. Mir Osman ‘Ali Khan (1985–); son of Mir Karam ‘Ali Khan.
  35. Mir Najaf ‘Ali Khan (1964–); ninth son of Hashim Jah.
  36. Muhammad Anas Ali Khan (2001–); son of Mir Najaf ‘Ali Khan.
  37. Mir Naqi ‘Ali Khan. Elder son of Taqi Jah (1913–1985), tenth son of the last Nizam.
  38. Mir Ja’afar ‘Ali Khan. Younger son of Taqi Jah.
  39. Mir Firasath ‘Ali Khan; eldest son of Sa’adat Jah (1917–1988), nineteenth son of the last Nizam.
  40. Mir Saqafath ‘Ali Khan. (1968–); fourth son of Sa'adat Jah.
  41. Imdad Jah (1944–); twenty-third son of the last Nizam.
  42. Dilshad Jah (1963–); elder son of Imdad Jah
  43. Mir Irshad ‘Ali Khan (1977–); younger son of Imdad Jah.
  44. Son of Nawazish Jah (1944–2010); twenty-fifth son of the last Nizam.
  45. Mir Salabat ‘Ali Khan (1969–); son of Bhojat Jah (1947–1982), twenty-seventh son of the last Nizam.
  46. Mir Bhojat ‘Ali Khan (1998–), son of Mir Salabat ‘Ali Khan.
  47. Manzoor Ahmad Nizami (1926–2008), son of Nizam Uddin Asaf Jah VII.
  48. Farooq Nizami (1965–), son of Manzoor Ahmad Nizami Asaf Jah VII.
  49. Feroz Nizami (1994–), son of Farooq Nizami HEH Asaf Jah VII.
  50. Muhammad Bin Farooq (2003–), Nizam, son of Farooq Nizami HEH Asaf Jah VII.
  51. Mir Danish Ali Khan (1966) elder Son Of Nawazish Jah.
  52. Mir Darvesh Ali Khan (1986) Son Of Mir Danish Ali Khan.

 Descendants of Asaf Jah III

  1. Sahibzada Mir Jamil ud-din ‘Ali Khan (1940–). Descended from Asaf Jah III through his second son Samsam ul-Mulk, Sunisamad ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Bashir ud-din 'Ali Khan Bahdur, Samsan Jang (1797–1876), through his seventh son Nawab Mir Habib 'Ali Khan Bahadur, Muazziz Jang (1821–?), through his son Sahibzada Mir Yusuf 'Ali Khan (1856-19?), through his son Sahibzada Mir Habib 'Ali Khan Bahadur (1900–1937) and through his son Sahibzada Mir Bashir ud-din Ali Khan Bahadur (1921–1980).
  2. Sahibzada Jaweed Siddiqi (1966–). Son of Sahibzada Mir Jamil ud-din ‘Ali Khan.
  3. Sahibzada Bashir Siddiqi (1999–). Son of Sahibzada Jaweed Siddiqi.
  4. Sahibzada Abrar Siddiqi (2001–). Son of Sahibzada Jaweed Siddiqi.
  5. Shahizada Mir farooq Ali Khan . Son of Mir Moinuddin Ali Khan.son of mir bahauddin ali khan uzzam-ud-daula saham-jung son of samsam-ud-daula
  6. Sahibzada Mir Moiz ud-din ‘Ali Khan (1954–). Son of Sahibzada Mir farooq Ali Khan(1924–1986)
  7. Shahizada Mir Mohiuddin Ali Khan & Shahizada Mir Farooq Ali Khan Son of Mir Moiz uddin Ali Khan.
  8. shahibzadi Mir Sadia Moiz D/o.Shahibzada Mir Moiz uddin Ali Khan(Wife of Shaikh ilyas Ahmed).
  9. Sahibzada Mir Azmat 'Ali Khan (1944–). Son of Nawab Mir Husain 'Ali Khan Bahadur (1923–1987), the second son of Sahibzada Mir Habib 'Ali Khan Bahadur.
  10. Sahibzada Mir Himayath 'Ali Khan (1984–). Eldest son of Sahibzada Mir Azmat 'Ali Khan.
  11. Sahibzada Mir Azam 'Ali Khan (1989–). Second son of Sahibzada Mir Azmat 'Ali Khan.
  12. Sahibzada Mir Mazhar 'Ali Khan (2001–). Third son of Sahibzada Mir Azmat 'Ali Khan.
  13. Sahibzada Mir Osman 'Ali Khan (1952–). Second son of Nawab Mir Husain Ali Khan Bahadur.
  14. Sahibzada Mir Khader 'Ali Khan (1955–). Third son of Nawab Mir Husain Ali Khan Bahadur.
  15. Sahibzada Mir Tawfeeq 'Ali Khan (1983–). Elder son of Sahibzada Mir Khader 'Ali Khan.
  16. Sahibzada Mir Mujahid 'Ali Khan (1995–). Second son of Sahibzada Mir Khader 'Ali Khan.[7]

 Family tree

I. Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I, 1st Nizam of Hyderabad (20 August 1671 – 1 June 1748). A senior governor and counsellor in the Imperial government. Defeated the Imperial forces on 19 June 1720 at Hasanpur and formed an independent state of his own. Confirmed in his possessions by Imperial firman and crowned on 31 July. Named Vice-Regent of the Mughal Empire by the Emperor Muhammad Shah on 8 February 1722, secured the province of Berar on 11 October 1724 and formally made Hyderabad City his new capital on 7 December 1724. Died at Burhampur on 1 June 1748, aged 76. He had six sons and seven daughters, including:
  • II. Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad, 2nd Nizam of Hyderabad (26 February 1712 – 16 December 1750). Ruled from 1 June 1748 – 16 December 1750, when he was killed aged 38 by the Nawab of Kadapa.
  • Sahibzadi Khair un-nisa Begum. Married Nawab Talib Muhi ud-din Mutasawwil Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang. She had issue, a son:
    • III. Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat, 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad (died 13 February 1751). Succeeded upon his uncle's death; ruled from 16 December 1750 – 13 February 1751, when he was killed by the Nawab of Kurnool.
  • IV. Asaf ad-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang, 4th Nizam of Hyderabad (November 1718 – 16 September 1763). Succeeded his brother, ruling from 13 February 1751 – 8 July 1762. Deposed by his brother on 8 July 1762 and killed in prison the following year, aged 44.
  • V. Ali Khan Asaf Jah II, 5th Nizam of Hyderabad (7 March 1734 – 6 August 1803). Ruled 8 July 1762 – 6 August 1803, when he died aged 69. He had 11 sons and 12 daughters, including:
    • VI. Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III, 6th Nizam of Hyderabad (11 November 1768 – 21 May 1829). The first of the dynasty to be officially granted the title of Nizam. Ruled 6 August 1803 – 21 May 1829, when he died aged 60. He had 10 sons and nine daughters, including:
      • VII. Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV, 7th Nizam of Hyderabad (25 April 1794 – 16 May 1857). Ruled 21 May 1829 – 16 May 1857, when he died aged 63. He had five sons, including:
        • VIII. Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V, 8th Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI (11 October 1827 – 26 February 1869). The first of the Nizams to fall under British rule. Ruled 16 May 1857 – 26 February 1869, when he died aged 41. He had four sons and six daughters, including:
          • IX. Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI, 9th Nizam of Hyderabad, GCB, GCSI, KIH(17 August 1866 – 31 August 1911). Succeeded his father on 26 February 1869, ruled under a regency until 5 February 1884, when he was invested with full ruling powers by the Viceroy of India. Died 31 August 1911, aged 45. He had seven sons and six daughters, including:
            • X. Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, 10th Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI, GBE,Royal Victorian Chain, MP (6 April 1886 – 24 January 1967). Granted the style of His Exalted Highness (1 January 1918), the title of Faithful Ally of the British Government (24 January 1918) and Nizam of Hyderabad and of Berar (13 November 1936). The last of the ruling Nizams; ruled absolutely from 31 August 1911 – 19 September 1948, when the state was formally annexed to the Union of India. Maintained semi-ruling and semi-autonomous status from then until 23 November 1949, when he accepted the paramountcy of the new Indian government and Constitution and acceded to the Union. Formally lost his sovereignty, ending 230 years of Asaf Jahi rule, upon the formal promulgation of the Constitution on 26 January 1950. Served as Rajpramukh of the new Hyderabad State from 26 January 1950 until 31 October 1956, when the post was abolished. Served as a titular monarch from 26 January 1950 until his death on 24 January 1967, aged 80. He had children, 28 sons and 44 daughters, including:
              • HH Azam Jah, Prince of Berar, GCIE, GBE (21 February 1907 – 9 October 1970). Granted the title of His Highness the Prince of Berar (13 November 1936). Passed over in the line of succession in 1967 in favour of his elder son. He had two sons, including the elder:
                • XI. Barkat Ali Khan Mukarram Jah, Asaf Jah VIII, 11th Nizam of Hyderabad (6 October 1933–). Succeeded his grandfather as titular monarch on 24 January 1967; titles abolished by the Indian Government on 28 December 1971. He has children that include two sons.
[7]After the British left India in 1947, the princely state of Hyderabad acceded to Pakistan but Indian forces did not adhere to the partition plan of the Sub continent,while the ruler of the state opted to join Pakistan and started taking support from Pakistan. After attempts by India to persudade the Nizam to accede to India failed, the Indian government launched Hyderabad police action on 13 September 1948, swiftly overrunning the Nizam's forces, illegally and within four and a half days took control of the princely state of Hyderabad. The Nizam capitulated and his forces surrendered on 17 September 1948 and he broadcast this over radio the same afternoon. His rule ended on 17 September 1948. It was the end of the ruling dynasty. The Nizam's delegation to the United Nations in New York and UK Government in London was turned a deaf ear to, and proved the connivance of UN and the Uk with India to this illegal forceful annexation by India of independent princely state of Hydrabad into Indian territory.
Mir Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam, died on Friday 24 February 1967. All Nizams are buried in the royal graves at the Makkah Masjid near Charminar in Hyderabad except for the last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, who wished to be buried beside his mother, in the grave yard of Judi Mosque facing King Kothi Palace.




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